Types of Tuna: How Many Are There?

Each variety of tuna has its own unique personality, and here we'll tell you everything you need to know: where they grow, their benefits, and even how to get the most out of them in the kitchen. Let's get started!

What is tuna and why is it so valued?

Tuna is part of the tuna family, those fish that are true athletes of the sea. Thanks to their aerodynamic design, they can travel thousands of kilometers across the great oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Mediterranean.

Its meat ranges from the lightest white to the deepest red, depending on the species. And it's not just a matter of appearance: this color also influences its flavor and how you prepare it. Tuna is also a nutritional gem, loaded with quality protein and those famous omega-3s we need to take care of our heart and brain.

Health benefits of tuna consumption

Tuna isn't just a delight for the palate; it's also a good ally for your health. Here are the best of the best:

• Proteins: Ideal for keeping muscles in shape and aiding recovery.
• Omega-3s: Your best friends for a healthy heart and a clear mind.
• Vitamins and minerals: Like selenium, vitamin D, and B complex vitamins, which strengthen your defenses and take care of your bones.

Importance of tuna in gastronomy and the fishing industry

Tuna is a jack-of-all-trades in the world's cuisine. From fine sashimi to a quick salad with preserves, it always has something to offer. And when it comes to the fishing industry, this fish is one of the main players, both for its economic value and its impact on our tables.

Types of Tuna

Within the Thunnus genus , we find some of the most popular species. Each one has its own special charm and deserves its moment in the spotlight. Let's get to know them!

Red tuna (thunnus thynnus)

Bluefin tuna is the king of the sea and haute cuisine. If you've tried premium sashimi or sushi, you'll surely know what we're talking about.

• Size and weight: It can weigh over 600 kg and measure up to 3 meters. It's almost nothing.
• Habitat: It moves through the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
• Gastronomic uses: Its fatty, red meat is perfect for enjoying raw, although it also shines when cooked.
• Conservation: It's so coveted that it's in danger of overfishing. Fortunately, there are protective measures in place to ensure its future.

This tuna is synonymous with luxury and flavor. It's not for nothing that it's one of the most expensive in the world.

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

The “yellowfin” is a more accessible and versatile option, but no less delicious.

• Size and weight: It weighs between 40 and 100 kg, although some specimens reach 200 kg.
• Habitat: It prefers tropical and subtropical waters of the main oceans.
• Gastronomic uses: Ideal for salads, stews, roasts or even fresh recipes like poke bowls.
• Features: Its pink meat has less fat than bluefin tuna, but it is still a delicacy.

If you're looking for something delicious, versatile, and affordable, yellowfin tuna is your best friend.

Bonito del Norte or White Tuna (Thunnus alalunga)

In Spain, this tuna holds a special place in the hearts of many. It's the king of premium canned food.

• Size and weight: It generally weighs between 10 and 20 kg.
• Habitat: It is found in temperate waters of the North Atlantic and the Cantabrian Sea.
• Gastronomic uses: Perfect for salads, sandwiches or traditional recipes like marmitako.
• Features: Its delicate white meat has a mild, slightly sweet flavor.

This tuna is a staple of the Mediterranean diet and a true gastronomic treasure.

Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus)

The “bigeye” is known for its large eyes, adapted to explore deep waters.

• Size and weight: It can reach 200 kg and measure up to 2 meters.
• Habitat: It prefers tropical and subtropical waters, where it swims at greater depths.
• Gastronomic uses: Its fatty and juicy meat is perfect for roasts, grills or raw dishes such as tartars.
• Features: Its intense flavor and texture make it a culinary gem.

Bigeye tuna is a delicious and highly valued option in international markets.

Other less common types of tuna

Although not as famous, these types of tuna also have their charm:

• Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis): It's the basis for the most affordable preserves and the famous Japanese katsuobushi. It has a stronger flavor and darker flesh.
• Blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus): It lives in the western Atlantic. It is less fatty and of lower quality, but remains popular locally.
• Melva and other smaller tuna: Although they are not of the genre thunnus, species such as melva also contribute their special touch to local cuisine.

Habitat and distribution of tuna species

Tuna are true globetrotters. Each species has its own unique lifestyle:

• Red tuna: It prefers the cold waters of the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Its migrations are legendary.
• Yellowfin tuna: It prefers the warm, tropical waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans.
• Northern Albacore: It lives in temperate waters of the North Atlantic and the Cantabrian Sea. It is a staple in Spanish fishing.
• Bigeye tuna: It adapts to deep, tropical waters, where light and oxygen are scarce.

Learning more about these fish's habits will help you appreciate them even more. It also reminds us how important it is to protect them so we can enjoy them in the future. Every bite counts!